(Download) "Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa: Results from a National Survey (Original Articles)" by South African Medical Journal " eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Determinants of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa: Results from a National Survey (Original Articles)
- Author : South African Medical Journal
- Release Date : January 01, 2007
- Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 262 KB
Description
South Africa (SA) ranks second among the 22 high-burden tuberculosis (TB) countries in terms of TB incidence and seventh in terms of overall TB burden. (1) The TB epidemic is largely a result of historical neglect, health service fragmentation and poor patient management, compounded by one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics ever recorded. (2) In 1996, a revised national TB control programme (TBCP) based on the internationally recommended Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) was implemented. (3) DOTS uptake has been rapid, with complete coverage achieved in 2002. However, a serious escalation in TB preceded the implementation of the DOTS strategy, complicated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in all nine provinces of SA. MDR-TB, defined as in vitro resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin (the two most potent anti-TB drugs), is of global concern. The result of inappropriate use of TB drugs and inadequate TB control, MDR-TB poses an international public health threat due to the difficulties and costs involved in treatment and the adverse implications for effective TB control. The emergence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), defined as MDR plus additional resistance to a fluoroquinolone and one of the injectable anti-TB drugs (kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin), recently exacerbated public health concerns of a virtually untreatable epidemic. (4)
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